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- Published:13 December 2024
Understanding the difference between CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and defibrillation is crucial in responding effectively to cardiac emergencies. While both are lifesaving techniques, their application, timing, and function are distinct. This guide will demystify the roles of CPR and defibrillation, explain their complementary nature, and offer step-by-step instructions for when and how to use each.
What Happens During Cardiac Arrest?
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating effectively, cutting off blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. The heart may quiver due to an electrical malfunction (ventricular fibrillation) or stop entirely (asystole). Each second without intervention drastically reduces survival chances, making immediate action critical.
What is CPR, and When Should It Be Used?
CPR is a manual method to keep blood and oxygen circulating during a cardiac arrest. It doesn’t restart the heart but buys time until advanced medical help or a defibrillator is available.
When to Use CPR:
- The person is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
- No defibrillator is immediately available.
- While waiting for emergency medical services (EMS) to arrive.
How to Perform CPR:
- Assess the Situation:
- Check for responsiveness by tapping the person and shouting, “Are you okay?”
- Call for help and instruct someone to bring an Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
- Begin Chest Compressions:
- Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, with the other hand on top.
- Push hard and fast, aiming for a depth of 5-6 cm at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
- Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions.
- Rescue Breaths (Optional):
- If trained, give two breaths after every 30 compressions. Otherwise, continue hands-only CPR.
- 13 December 2024
What is Defibrillation and When Should It Be Used?
Defibrillation involves delivering an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. It’s effective only in cases of certain arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT).
When to Use a Defibrillator:
- The person is unresponsive, not breathing, and has no pulse.
- An AED advises a shock after rhythm analysis.
- During CPR cycles, as instructed by the AED.
How to Use a Defibrillator:
- Turn On the AED:
- Follow the voice prompts for instructions.
- Apply the Pads:
- Place one pad on the upper right chest below the collarbone and the other on the lower left side below the armpit. Use diagrams for guidance.
- Let the AED Analyse:
- Ensure no one is touching the person during analysis. The AED will advise whether a shock is needed.
- Deliver the Shock (if advised):
- Press the shock button on a semi-automatic AED or allow the device to administer automatically.
- Resume CPR:
- Perform chest compressions immediately after the shock and continue until the AED reassesses or EMS arrives.
CPR vs. Defibrillation: Key Differences
Aspect | CPR | Defibrillation |
|---|---|---|
Function | Maintains blood and oxygen circulation | Restores the heart’s rhythm |
Timing | Immediate, while waiting for a defibrillator | When the AED advises a shock |
Application | Everyone in cardiac arrest | Only for specific arrhythmias (VF, VT) |
Expertise Required | Minimal; basic training recommended | Guided by AED, training is helpful |
When to Use Both CPR and Defibrillation
CPR and defibrillation are not mutually exclusive; they work together as part of the “Chain of Survival.” This sequence of actions includes:
- Early recognition and calling for help.
- Immediate CPR to maintain blood flow.
- Early defibrillation to reset the heart’s rhythm.
- Advanced care by emergency responders.
For example, CPR keeps oxygenated blood circulating while the AED assesses and delivers a shock. This combination maximises survival chances, particularly if performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest.
Tips for Effective Emergency Response
- Familiarise Yourself with AEDs:
- Learn the difference between semi-automatic and fully automatic defibrillators.
- Explore devices suitable for community and indoor use, such as the CU Medical iPAD NFK200 or fully automatic options.
- Practice CPR Regularly:
- Community classes and workplace training programs improve confidence and effectiveness.
- Place AEDs Strategically:
- In workplaces, schools, and public spaces, ensure AEDs are accessible and clearly marked. Learn more about community defibrillators and their benefits.
How Technology Enhances CPR and Defibrillation
Modern AEDs come with features such as:
- CPR Feedback: Guides users on compression depth and rate.
- Ambient Noise Adjustment: Ensures voice prompts are audible in noisy environments.
- Integrated Storage: Keeps pads and cables ready for immediate use. Explore devices like the iPAD SP1 Fully Automatic AED for innovative features.
Preparedness Saves Lives
Understanding when to perform CPR, use a defibrillator, or combine both is critical in cardiac emergencies. Equip yourself with the knowledge and tools to act confidently, whether at home, work or in your community. Remember, every second counts, and your preparedness can save a life.
